courage: implies firmness of mind and will in the face of danger or extreme difficulty: the ~ to support unpopular causes.     moral courage道德勇气


mettle: suggests an ingrained capacity for meeting strain or difficulty with fortitude and resilience: a challenge that will test your ~.   (fortitude和resilience分别表示面对困难时能忍耐，有任性)


spirit: also suggests a quality of temperament enabling one to hold one's own or keep up one's morale when opposed or threatened: too many failures had broken the ~ of the man.   词组hold one's own坚持住支撑住，词组keep up one's morale保持士气斗志  （oppose反对，即使困难 threaten威胁，即使危险）  temperament性格性情  


resolution: stresses firm determination to achieve one's ends: the strong ~ of the pioneer woman.    （resolve有4个意思 1、解决平息to settle or solve something，如resolve a conflict解决(平息)冲突=conflict resolution，如the issue was never resolved问题从未得到解决，如we found a resolution to the dispute找到解决争端的办法  2、决心to make a definite and serious decision to do something，如she resolved to quit smoking决心戒烟，如a New Year's resolution新年愿望/决心  3、决定、(投票)表决to make a formal decision about something usually by a vote，如the comittee resolved to override the veto委员会决定(表决)推翻此前的否决，如the assembly passed a resolution大会通过决议  4、分解或改变to gradually change into separate parts or a different form，如the mixture was resolved into two parts混合物分解为两部分，a computer with high-resoluton screen高分辨率显示器，如the image resolved into a person's face图像变为人脸。另外，resolve还可以作为名词，表示决心; 形容词resolute坚决的）   determine=decide=make up one's mind决定决心  


tenacity: adds to resolution implications of stubborn persistence and unwillingness to admit defeat: won the argument through sheer ~.   stubborn顽固的implies innate sturdiness or immovability倔强难改变   来自词根TEN表示抓to hold，如tenable站得住脚的tenure任期、终身教授tenant房客lieutenant副手中尉tenet/tenor主旨


courage勇气: 指面对危险困难时的坚定的志气，mettle坚韧: 表示面对艰苦困难时的坚忍韧性， spirit精神:  表示面对危险困难能坚持立场、保持斗志，resolution决心: 强调实现目标的坚定决心，tenacity倔强顽固: 指顽固坚持，不肯认输


记忆方法：1）首字母CMSRT想成什么如此铁<==勇气
          2）练习一下


          3）勇气的意思是面对危险困难的精神、道德力量mean having mental or moral strength to resist opposition, danger or hardship.首字母CMSRT想成什么如此铁<==勇气